Ion Release, Hydroxyapatite Conversion, and Cytotoxicity of Boron-Containing Bioactive Glass Scaffolds
Preethi Balasubramanian
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAlina Grünewald
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorRainer Detsch
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorLeena Hupa
Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorBojan Jokic
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
Search for more papers by this authorFrancesca Tallia
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
Search for more papers by this authorAnu K. Solanki
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
Search for more papers by this authorJulian R. Jones
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Aldo R. Boccaccini
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorPreethi Balasubramanian
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAlina Grünewald
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorRainer Detsch
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorLeena Hupa
Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorBojan Jokic
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
Search for more papers by this authorFrancesca Tallia
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
Search for more papers by this authorAnu K. Solanki
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
Search for more papers by this authorJulian R. Jones
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Aldo R. Boccaccini
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
We report the development and characterization of boron-releasing highly porous three-dimensional bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds fabricated by the foam replica technique. Three types of bioactive glasses with (wt%) 0.2%, 12.5%, 25% B2O3, and related varying SiO2 contents (wt%): 50%, 37.5%, and 25%, were investigated. The well-known 13-93 (silicate) and 13-93B3 (borate) (in wt% – 56.6% B2O3, 5.5% Na2O, 11.1% K2O, 4.6% MgO, 18.5% CaO, 3.7% P2O5) BGs were used as controls to study the influence of the presence of boron on the mechanical properties, surface reactivity, and cytotoxicity of scaffolds. Surface morphology and surface properties of the BG scaffolds were measured. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the scaffolds of all five compositions were amorphous. The scaffolds with 12.5 wt% B2O3 exhibited satisfactory compressive strength in the range of 1–2 MPa. A dissolution study in cell culture medium was carried out, and ion release profiles, and apatite formation of the scaffolds were assessed. The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was evaluated using a stromal cell line (ST2). Cells were found to attach and spread well on the scaffolds' surfaces. We conclude that borosilicate scaffolds containing 12.5 wt% B2O3 provide the best combination of properties, including relatively high mechanical strength, apatite formation, and cytocompatibility, and thus, they are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering.
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