Glasses as Nonlinear Photonic Materials
Eva M. Vogel,
Eva M. Vogel
Bell Communications Research, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701
Member, American Ceramic Society.
Search for more papers by this authorEva M. Vogel,
Eva M. Vogel
Bell Communications Research, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701
Member, American Ceramic Society.
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The success of photonic switching depends on the development of the materials and devices that are capable of processing light signals without converting them to electronic forms. Glasses are promising materials for these all-optical devices because of their fast-responding nonlinearities and low absorption. The aim of this paper is to apprise the ceramic community of the development of nonlinear optics research. The relative merits and trade-offs of glasses as nonlinear photonic material are discussed.
References
- 1
P. W. Smith, “ Photonic Switching: Present Research and Future Prospects”;pp.
30–37
in
Optical Computing and Nonlinear Materials, Vol. 881. SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering,
Bellingham
.
WA
, 1988.
10.1117/12.944058 Google Scholar
- 2 A. M. Glass (Guest Editor), “Photonic Materials,” Mater. Res. Soc. Bull., XIII [8] 14–41 (1988).
- 3 Research on Nonlinear Optical Materials: An Assessment,” Appl. Opt., 26 [2] 211–34 (1987).
- 4(a) S. Singh, “ Nonlinear and Harmonic Generation Materials”pp. 3–228 in Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol. III, Optical Materials: Part 1. Edited by M. J. Weber. CRC Press, Boca Raton , FL , 1986. (b) W. Lee Smith, “Nonlinear Refractive Index,”ibid., 259–81.
- 5 B. G. Potter and J. H. Simmon, “Quantum Size Effects in Optical Properties of CdS-Glass Composites,” Phys. Rev. B, 37 [12] 10838–45 (1988).
- 6 J. C. Luong and N. F. Borelli, “ Fabrication of III–V Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Porous Glass,” Abstract W912, Materials Research Society Meeting, Boston , MA , Dec. 1988.
- 7 M. J. Weber, D. Milam, and W. L. Smith, “Nonlinear Refractive Index of Glasses and Crystals,” Opt. Eng., 17 [51] 463–69 (1978).
- 8 N. L. Boling, A. J. Glass, and A. Owyoung, “Empirical Relationships for Predicting Nonlinear Refractive Index Changes in Optical Solids,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., QE-14, 601 (1978).
- 9 S. R. Friberg and P. W. Smith, “Nonlinear Optical Glasses for Ultrafast Optical Switches,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., QE-23 [12] 2089–94 (1987).
- 10 R. Adair, L. L. Chase, and S. A. Payne, “Nonlinear Refractive Index of Optical Crystals,” Phys. Rev. B, 39 [15] 3337, 3350 (1989).
- 11 R. Adair, L. L. Chase, and S. A. Payne, “Nonlinear Refractive Index Measurements of Glasses Using Three-Wave Frequency Mixing,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys., 4 [June] 875–81 (1987).
- 12 (a) J. G. Bergman and G. K. Crane, “Structural Aspects of Nonlinear Optics—Oxide Systems: ABO3,” J. Solid State Chem., 12, 172–75 (1975).
- 12(b) B. F. Levine, “Bond-Charge Calculation of Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilies for Various Crystals Structures,”Phys. Rev. B, 7, 2600 (1973).
- 14 (a) S. R. Friberg, Y. Silberberg, M. K. Oliver, M. J. Andrejco, M. A. Saifi, and P. W. Smith, “Ultrafast All-Optical Switching in a Dual-Core Fiber Nonlinear Coupler,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 51 [Oct.] 15 (1987).
- 15 (b) S. R. Friberg, A. M. Weiner, Y. Silberberg, B. G. Sfez, and P. W. Smith, “Femtosecond Switching in a Dual-Core Fiber Nonlinear Coupler,” Opt. Lett., 13 [Oct.] 904 (1988).
- 14 D. W. Hall, N. F. Borelli, W. H. Dumbaugh, M. A. Newhouse, and D. L. Weidman; Paper No. PD27-1 in Technical Digest of Conference on Laser and Electro-Optics. Optical Society of America, Washington , DC , 1988.
- 15 (a) E. M. Vogel, S. G. Kosinski, D. M. Krol, J. L. Jackel, S. R. Friberg, M. K. Oliver, and J. D. Powers, “Structural and Optical Study of Silicate Glasses for Nonlinear Optical Devices,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 107, 244–50 (1989).
- 18
(b)
E. M. Vogel,
S. R. Friberg,
J. L. Jackel, and
P. W. Smith, “Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2-Nb26 Borosilicate Glasses for Nonlinear Optical Waveguides,”
Mater, Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 88, 101 (1987).
10.1557/PROC-88-101 Google Scholar
- 16 S. G. Kosinski, D. M. Krol, and E. M. Vogel, “ Structural Analysis of Ti- and Nb-Doped Sodium Silicate Glasses Using Raman Spectroscopy,” presented at the Glass Division Fall Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, Bedford Springs, PA, Sept. 30, 1987 (Paper No. 5-GP-87F).
- 17 M. E. Lines; private communication.
- 18 J. L. Jackel, “ Some Fabrication Constraints on Nonlinear Integrated Optics Components”pp. 206–209 in 1989 Technical Digest Series, Vol. 2, 1989 Optical Society of America Topical Meeting on Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena: Physics and Applications, FD3, Houstcn TX , Feb. 1989.
- 19 J. L. Jackel, “Glass Waveguides Made Using Low Melting Point Nitrate Mixtures,” Appl. Opt., 27 [Feb.] 472–75 (1988).
- 20 J. L. Jackel, N. E. Schlotter, G. L. Baker, P. D. Towsend, and S. Etemad, “ Composite Channel Waveguides Using Ion-Exchanged Glass and Optically Nonlinear Polymers”pp. 239–44 in Proceedings of 1988 SPIE Meeting on Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials, Vol. 971. SPIE–International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham , WA , 1988.
- 21 (a) W. J. Tomlinson and S. K. Korotky, “ Integrated Optics: Basic Concepts and Techniques”pp. 355–67 in Optical Fiber Telecommunications I, Ch. 9. Edited by S. E. Miller and I. P. Kaminow. Academic Press, New York , 1988.
- 24 (b) G. I. Stegeman, E. W. Wright, N. Finlayson, R. Zanoni, and C. T. Seaton, “Third Order Nonlinear Integrated Optics,” J. Lightwave Technol., 6 [6] 953–70 (1988).
- 22 E. M. Vogel. E. W. Chase, J. L. Jackel, and B. J. Wilkens, “Fabrication of Thin-Film Nonlinear Optical Glasses Using Pulsed Excimer Laser Déposition,” Appl. Opt., 28 [4] 649–51 (1989).
- 23 S. Maneuf and F. Reynaud, “Quasi-Steady Self-Trapping of First, Second, and Third Order Subnanosecond Solition Beams,” Opt. Commun., 66 [5–6] 325 (1988).
- 24 Y. Silberberg, private communication.
- 25 U. Österberg and W. Margulis, Opt. Let., 11, 516 (1986).
- 30 T. E. Tsai, E. J. Friebele, D. L. Griscom, M. A. Saifi, U. Österberg, “ Correlation of Defect Centers with Second Harmonic Generation in Ge- and Ge-P-Doped Silica-Core Single-Mode Fibers”pp. 250–58 in 1989 Technical Digest Series, Vol. 2, 1989 Optical Society of America Topical Meeting on Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena: Physics and Applications, SB2-1, Houston , TX , Feb. 1989.
