ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Multilayer lead-free piezoceramic composites: Influence of co-firing on microstructure and electromechanical behavior
Azatuhi Ayrikyan,
Florian Weyland,
Sebastian Steiner,
Michael Duerrschnabel,
Leopoldo Molina-Luna,
Jurij Koruza,
Kyle G. Webber,
Corresponding Author
Azatuhi Ayrikyan
Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Correspondence
Azatuhi Ayrikyan, Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFlorian Weyland
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorSebastian Steiner
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Duerrschnabel
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorLeopoldo Molina-Luna
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJurij Koruza
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorKyle G. Webber
Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAzatuhi Ayrikyan,
Florian Weyland,
Sebastian Steiner,
Michael Duerrschnabel,
Leopoldo Molina-Luna,
Jurij Koruza,
Kyle G. Webber,
Corresponding Author
Azatuhi Ayrikyan
Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Correspondence
Azatuhi Ayrikyan, Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFlorian Weyland
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorSebastian Steiner
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Duerrschnabel
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorLeopoldo Molina-Luna
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJurij Koruza
Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorKyle G. Webber
Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
In this study lead-free 2-2 and 0-3 ceramic/ceramic composites comprised of the non-ergodic relaxor 0.93(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–0.07BaTiO3 and ergodic relaxor 0.94Bi0.5(Na0.75K0.25)0.5TiO3–0.06BiAlO3 were investigated. The macroscopic electromechanical behavior was characterized as a function of continuent content, revealing an enhancement in the unipolar strain from the multilayer composite structure. Systematic evaluation of the effects of co-sintering on microstructural properties, such as grain size and porosity, revealed potential mechanisms by which the increase in unipolar strain was achieved. In addition, interdiffusion between the constituents was observed, providing evidence for the formation of a functionally graded ceramic by co-sintering. These data are contrasted with high-resolution energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis for measurement of chemical composition across the interface of 2-2 ceramics. These findings provide insight into how synthesis routes can be optimized for tailoring the enhancement of electromechanical properties of lead-free electroceramic composite systems.
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